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  1. The genome sequence of Geobacter metallireducens is the second to be completed from the metal-respiring genus Geobacter, and is compared in this report to that of Geobacter sulfurreducens in order to understand t...

    Authors: Muktak Aklujkar, Julia Krushkal, Genevieve DiBartolo, Alla Lapidus, Miriam L Land and Derek R Lovley
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:109
  2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms is performed by either disc diffusion or broth dilution tests. In clinical use, the tests are often still performed manually although automated systems ex...

    Authors: Ueli von Ah, Dieter Wirz and AU Daniels
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:106
  3. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, expresses a number of virulence factors, including long (FimA) and short (Mfa) fimbriae as well as gingipains comprised of arginine-specific (Rgp) and lysine-spec...

    Authors: Masae Kuboniwa, Atsuo Amano, Ei Hashino, Yumiko Yamamoto, Hiroaki Inaba, Nobushiro Hamada, Koji Nakayama, Gena D Tribble, Richard J Lamont and Satoshi Shizukuishi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:105
  4. Penicillium chrysogenum converts isopenicillin N (IPN) into hydrophobic penicillins by means of the peroxisomal IPN acyltransferase (IAT), which is encoded by the penDE gene. In silico analysis of the P. chrysoge...

    Authors: Carlos García-Estrada, Inmaculada Vaca, Ricardo V Ullán, Marco A van den Berg, Roel AL Bovenberg and Juan Francisco Martín
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:104
  5. Microbial biofilms represent an incompletely understood, but fundamental mode of bacterial growth. These sessile communities typically consist of stratified, morphologically-distinct layers of extracellular ma...

    Authors: Marc M Baum, Aleksandra Kainović, Teresa O'Keeffe, Ragini Pandita, Kent McDonald, Siva Wu and Paul Webster
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:103
  6. The microflora of the penile skin-lined neovagina in male-to-female transsexuals is a recently created microbial niche which thus far has been characterized only to a very limited extent. Yet the knowledge of ...

    Authors: Steven Weyers, Hans Verstraelen, Jan Gerris, Stan Monstrey, Guido dos Santos Lopes Santiago, Bart Saerens, Ellen De Backer, Geert Claeys, Mario Vaneechoutte and Rita Verhelst
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:102
  7. Sporothrix schenckii is a pathogenic dimorphic fungus, the etiological agent of sporotrichosis, a lymphocutaneous disease that can remain localized or can disseminate, involving joints, lungs, and the central ner...

    Authors: Shirley Valentín-Berríos, Waleska González-Velázquez, Lizaida Pérez-Sánchez, Ricardo González-Méndez and Nuri Rodríguez-del Valle
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:100
  8. Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a rickettsial agent responsible for an emerging tick-borne illness, human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Recently, we reported that E. chaffeensis protein expression is influenced by macrophage ...

    Authors: Lalitha Peddireddi, Chuanmin Cheng and Roman R Ganta
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:99
  9. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen that resides in a complex multispecies microbial biofilm community known as dental plaque. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that P. gingivalis can assem...

    Authors: Masae Kuboniwa, Erik L Hendrickson, Qiangwei Xia, Tiansong Wang, Hua Xie, Murray Hackett and Richard J Lamont
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:98
  10. A fast and simple two-step multiplex real-time PCR assay has been developed to replace the traditional, laborious Salmonella serotyping procedure. Molecular beacons were incorporated into the assay as probes f...

    Authors: Andreas V Hadjinicolaou, Victoria L Demetriou, Maria A Emmanuel, Charalambos K Kakoyiannis and Leondios G Kostrikis
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:97
  11. Mosquitoes are intermediate hosts for numerous disease causing organisms. Vector control is one of the most investigated strategy for the suppression of mosquito-borne diseases. Anopheles stephensi is one of the ...

    Authors: Asha Rani, Anil Sharma, Raman Rajagopal, Tridibesh Adak and Raj K Bhatnagar
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:96
  12. The catabolite control protein A (CcpA) is a member of the LacI/GalR family of transcriptional regulators controlling carbon-metabolism pathways in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. It functions as a catabolite r...

    Authors: Kati Seidl, Susanne Müller, Patrice François, Carsten Kriebitzsch, Jacques Schrenzel, Susanne Engelmann, Markus Bischoff and Brigitte Berger-Bächi
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:95
  13. Thermotolerant Campylobacter is among the more prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter contamination in chicken c...

    Authors: Guillermo Figueroa, Miriam Troncoso, Cristián López, Patricia Rivas and Magaly Toro
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:94
  14. The 19 kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an important target of the innate immune response. To investigate the effect of post-translation modification of this protein on innate recognition in...

    Authors: Katalin A Wilkinson, Sandra M Newton, Graham R Stewart, Adrian R Martineau, Janisha Patel, Susan M Sullivan, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Olivier Neyrolles, Douglas B Young and Robert J Wilkinson
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:93
  15. The lipopolysaccharide is a major antigen and virulence factor of Brucella, an important bacterial pathogen. In smooth brucellae, lipopolysaccharide is made of lipid A-core oligosaccharide and N-formylperosamine ...

    Authors: Michel S Zygmunt, José M Blasco, Jean-Jacques Letesson, Axel Cloeckaert and Ignacio Moriyón
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:92
  16. The natural product Emodin demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferation, vasorelaxant and anti-H. pylori activities. Although its H. pylori in...

    Authors: Jing Chen, Liang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Haitao Zhang, Jiamu Du, Jianping Ding, Yuewei Guo, Hualiang Jiang and Xu Shen
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:91
  17. Trypanosoma cruzi, a kinetoplastid protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, infects approximately 15 million people in Central and South America. In contrast to the substantial in silico studies of the T. c...

    Authors: Dan Xu, Cecilia Pérez Brandán, Miguel Ángel Basombrío and Rick L Tarleton
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:90
  18. The infection and virulence functions of diverse plant and animal pathogens that possess quorum sensing systems are regulated by N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) acting as signal molecules. AHL-acylase is a quoru...

    Authors: Chin-Nung Chen, Chii-Jaan Chen, Chen-Ting Liao and Chia-Yin Lee
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:89
  19. Burkholderia mallei is a zoonotic Gram negative bacterium which primarily infects solipeds but can cause lethal disease in humans if left untreated. The effect of two antibiotics with different modes of action on...

    Authors: Barbara M Judy, Gregory C Whitlock, Alfredo G Torres and D Mark Estes
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:88
  20. Probiotic bacteria are thought to play an important role in the digestive system and therefore have to survive the passage from stomach to intestines. Recently, a novel approach to simulate the passage from st...

    Authors: Philipp Ritter, Christian Kohler and Ueli von Ah
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:87
  21. Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis is the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, asymptomatic in bulls the disease is spread to female cattle causing extensive reproductive loss. The microbi...

    Authors: Paula M Moolhuijzen, Ala E Lew-Tabor, Bartosz M Wlodek, Fernán G Agüero, Diego J Comerci, Rodolfo A Ugalde, Daniel O Sanchez, Rudi Appels and Matthew Bellgard
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:86
  22. One of the major sources of human Salmonella infections is meat. Therefore, efficient and rapid monitoring of Salmonella in the meat production chain is necessary. Validation of alternative methods is needed to p...

    Authors: Charlotta Löfström, Michael Krause, Mathilde H Josefsen, Flemming Hansen and Jeffrey Hoorfar
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:85
  23. The wild rodent Calomys callosus is notably resistant to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In order to better characterize this animal model for experimental infections, we inoculated C. callosus intraperitoneally wit...

    Authors: Rogério M Fortes, André Kipnis and Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:84
  24. Much of the Plasmodium falciparum genome encodes hypothetical proteins with limited homology to other organisms. A lack of robust tools for genetic manipulation of the parasite limits functional analysis of these...

    Authors: Bharath Balu, Chitra Chauhan, Steven P Maher, Douglas A Shoue, Jessica C Kissinger, Malcolm J Fraser Jr and John H Adams
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:83
  25. Although Staphylococcus aureus is considered the main etiological agent of infectious mastitis, recent studies have suggested that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) may also play an important role in such in...

    Authors: Susana Delgado, Rebeca Arroyo, Esther Jiménez, Maria L Marín, Rosa del Campo, Leonides Fernández and Juan M Rodríguez
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:82
  26. Brucella spp. are the etiological agents of brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease that causes abortion in animals and chronic debilitating illness in humans. Natural Brucella infections occur primarily throu...

    Authors: Carlos A Rossetti, Cristi L Galindo, Sara D Lawhon, Harold R Garner and L Garry Adams
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:81
  27. PspA is recognized as a major pneumococcal virulence factor and a possible vaccine candidate. The aim of this study was to analyze the PspA family and clade distribution among 112 Spanish pneumococci represent...

    Authors: Dora Rolo, Carmen Ardanuy, Ana Fleites, Rogelio Martín and Josefina Liñares
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:80
  28. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 is an important virus due to its use as a safe and effective human gene therapy vector and its negative association with certain malignancies. AAV, a dependo-parvovirus, aut...

    Authors: Bum Yong Kang, Hong You, Sarmistha Bandyopadhyay, Nalini Agrawal, Russell B Melchert, Alexei G Basnakian, Yong Liu and Paul L Hermonat
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:79
  29. Finding the amino acid mutations that affect the severity of influenza infections remains an open and challenging problem. Of special interest is better understanding how current circulating influenza strains ...

    Authors: Jonathan E Allen, Shea N Gardner, Elizabeth A Vitalis and Tom R Slezak
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:77
  30. Previous evaluation by different molecular and physiological assays of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) responses to heat shock exposure yielded a still fragmentary view of the mechanisms determining bacterial s...

    Authors: Bénédicte Fleury, William L Kelley, Daniel Lew, Friedrich Götz, Richard A Proctor and Pierre Vaudaux
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:76
  31. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that possess a type III secretion system to deliver proteins into the host cell during infection. Small molecule inhibitors of type III secretion in Yersinia, terme...

    Authors: Sandra Muschiol, Staffan Normark, Birgitta Henriques-Normark and Agathe Subtil
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:75
  32. Although Candida species are commensal microorganisms, they can cause many invasive fungal infections. In addition, antifungal resistance can contribute to failure of treatment.

    Authors: Kelly Ishida, Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues, Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro, Taíssa Vieira Machado Vila, Wanderley de Souza, Julio A Urbina, Celso Vataru Nakamura and Sonia Rozental
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:74
  33. The type III secretion systems (T3SSs) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2) are important for invasion of epithelial cells during development of Salmonella-associated enterocolitis...

    Authors: Hao Gong, Jing Su, Yong Bai, Lu Miao, Kihoon Kim, Yonghua Yang, Fenyong Liu and Sangwei Lu
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:73
  34. The global pattern of distribution of 1033 B. anthracis isolates has previously been defined by a set of 12 conserved canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP). These studies reinforced the presence of t...

    Authors: Tatum S Simonson, Richard T Okinaka, Bingxiang Wang, W Ryan Easterday, Lynn Huynh, Jana M U'Ren, Meghan Dukerich, Shaylan R Zanecki, Leo J Kenefic, Jodi Beaudry, James M Schupp, Talima Pearson, David M Wagner, Alex Hoffmaster, Jacques Ravel and Paul Keim
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:71
  35. In recent times photodynamic antimicrobial therapy has been used to efficiently destroy Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria using cationic porphyrins as photosensitizers. There is an increasing interest in this app...

    Authors: Eliana Alves, Liliana Costa, Carla MB Carvalho, João PC Tomé, Maria A Faustino, Maria GPMS Neves, Augusto C Tomé, José AS Cavaleiro, Ângela Cunha and Adelaide Almeida
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:70
  36. Fluoroquinolones are extensively used antibiotics that induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by trapping DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV on DNA. This effect is usually evaluated using biochemical or molecular...

    Authors: María Tamayo, Rebeca Santiso, Jaime Gosalvez, Germán Bou and José Luis Fernández
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:69
  37. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota is characterised by an abundance of uncultured bacteria most often assigned in phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Diversity of this microbiota, even though approa...

    Authors: Lotta Krogius-Kurikka, Anna Kassinen, Lars Paulin, Jukka Corander, Harri Mäkivuokko, Jarno Tuimala and Airi Palva
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:68
  38. Lyngbya majuscula CCAP 1446/4 is a N2-fixing filamentous nonheterocystous strain that contains two NiFe-hydrogenases: an uptake (encoded by hupSL) and a bidirectional enzyme (encoded by hoxEFUYH). The biosynthesi...

    Authors: Daniela Ferreira, Filipe Pinto, Pedro Moradas-Ferreira, Marta V Mendes and Paula Tamagnini
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:67
  39. Brucellosis is an important zoonosis caused by the genus Brucella. In addition Brucella represents potential biological warfare agents due to the high contagious rates for humans and animals. Therefore, the strai...

    Authors: Riccardo De Santis, Andrea Ciammaruconi, Giovanni Faggioni, Raffaele D'Amelio, Cinzia Marianelli and Florigio Lista
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:66
  40. There is an increasing number of complete and incomplete virus genome sequences available in public databases. This large body of sequence data harbors information about epidemiology, phylogeny, and virulence....

    Authors: Wolfgang Resch, Leonid Zaslavsky, Boris Kiryutin, Michael Rozanov, Yiming Bao and Tatiana A Tatusova
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:65
  41. Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is a common clinical problem with E. coli being the most common urinary pathogen. Bacterial uptake into epithelial cells is increasingly recognised as an important feature...

    Authors: Ke Li, Wuding Zhou, Yuzhi Hong, Steven H Sacks and Neil S Sheerin
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:64
  42. It is increasingly recognized that Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) has the ability to protect against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)-induced damage of the epithelial monolayer barrier function by...

    Authors: Huanlong Qin, Zhongwei Zhang, Xiaomin Hang and Yanqun Jiang
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:63
  43. The importance of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) infections in the Arabian Gulf including Kuwait is not known. The prevalence of DEC (enterotoxigenic [ETEC], enteropathogenic [EPEC], enteroinvasive [EIEC],...

    Authors: M John Albert, Vincent O Rotimi, Rita Dhar, Susan Silpikurian, Alexander S Pacsa, A Majid Molla and Gyorgy Szucs
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:62
  44. Staphylococcus aureus immunodominant surface antigen B (IsaB) elicits an immune response during septicemia and is generally classified as a virulence factor, but its biological function remains completely undefin...

    Authors: Nicole M Mackey-Lawrence, Denise E Potter, Nuno Cerca and Kimberly K Jefferson
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:61
  45. Initial step of β-oxidation is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in prokaryotes and mitochondria, while acyl-CoA oxidase primarily functions in the peroxisomes of eukaryotes. Oxidase reaction accompanies emi...

    Authors: Tomohisa Kato, Asuka Miyanaga, Shigenori Kanaya and Masaaki Morikawa
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:60
  46. Aspergillus niger is an ascomycetous fungus that is known to reproduce through asexual spores, only. Interestingly, recent genome analysis of A. niger has revealed the presence of a full complement of functional ...

    Authors: Mayken W Wadman, Ronald P de Vries, Stefanie IC Kalkhove, Gerrit A Veldink and Johannes FG Vliegenthart
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:59
  47. Trichomonas vaginalis is a human urogenital pathogen responsible for trichomonosis, the number-one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide, while T. tenax is a commensal of the human oral cavity, ...

    Authors: Ashwini S Kucknoor, Vasanthakrishna Mundodi and JF Alderete
    Citation: BMC Microbiology 2009 9:58

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