Fig. 1

Structure and differential enrichment analysis of gut microbial communities in obesity. A, B, C Comparison of α diversity (Shannon index; A), β diversity (Bray-Curtis similarity index; B) and gene richness(C) of microbial content between the obesity and the control group. D PCoA analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance, with PERMANOVA used to assess differences in bacterial composition between the obesity and control groups. E Relative abundance of the top 10 bacterial phyla. F Relative abundance of the top 10 bacterial genera. G Differentially enriched species obtained through MAssLin2 analysis (p < 0.01, FDR < 0.01), with bacterial species names marked with “*” indicating consistency with LEfSe analysis results (LDA > 2, p < 0.05). The x axis represents the coefficient value calculated by MaAsLin2 analysis