Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups
|  | EUGR = 14 | AGA = 15 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Characteristic | |||
Maternal age, years, (mean, SD) | 32 (4.5) | 27 (6.2) | 0.048* |
Antenatal medication | |||
 Antibiotic | 10 (71.4%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0.09 |
 Magnesium sulfate | 13 (92.9%) | 11 (73.3%) | 0.37 |
 Dexamethasone | 12 (85.7%) | 12 (80%) | 1 |
Chorioamnionitis | 11 (78.6%) | 6 (40%) | 0.08 |
Multiple birth | 8 (57.1%) | 9 (60%) | 1 |
Premature rupture of membranes | 6 (42.9%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0.88 |
Vaginal delivery | 5 (35.7%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.20 |
Neonatal characteristics | |||
Male | 10 (71.4%) | 12 (80%) | 0.92 |
Birth weight, grams, (mean, SD) | 1222 (294) | 1377 (211) | 0.11 |
Gestational age, weeks, (mean, SD) | 29.8 (2.3) | 29.6 (1.5) | 0.88 |
Postmenstrual age of discharge, weeks, (mean, SD) | 36.7 (2.0) | 36.2 (1.5) | 0.82 |
Postmenstrual age of M1 phase, weeks, (mean, SD) | 41.0 (1.8) | 39.8 (1.1) | 0.09 |
Small for gestational age | 1 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.97 |
Amino acid supplement | 14 (100%) | 15 (100%) | 1 |
Respiratory distress syndrome | 9 (64.3%) | 14 (93.3%) | 0.14 |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 3 (21.4%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.93 |
Postnatal treatment with steroids | 8 (57.1%) | 14 (93.3%) | 0.07 |
Bronchopulmonory dysplasia | 2 (14.3%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | 2 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.43 |
Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis | 1 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.97 |
Postnatal antibiotics exposure in the first week | 13 (92.9%) | 15 (100%) | 0.97 |
Postnatal antibiotics exposure after the first week | 8 (57.1%) | 12 (80%) | 0.35 |
Days on antibiotics during hospitalization, (mean, SD) | 13.2 (9.2) | 11 (3.9) | 0.42 |
Early onset infection | 4 (28.6%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.58 |
Late onset infection | 3 (21.4%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.54 |
Packed red blood cell transfusion | 14 (100%) | 14 (93.3%) | 1 |
Feeding type | Â | Â | 0.08 |
 Maternal breast milk only | 9 (64.3%) | 4 (26.7%) |  |
 Formula only | 0 (0%) | 2 (13.3%) |  |
 Mixed feeding types | 5 (35.7%) | 9 (60%) |  |
Feeding intolerance in postnatal two weeks | 4 (28.6%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.58 |
Length of stay, days, (mean, SD) | 53.3 (20.1) | 45.3 (14.1) | 0.22 |
Weight at M1 phase, grams, (mean, SD) | 2971 (386) | 3270 (365) | 0.04* |
z-score for weight 1 month after discharge | -2.37 | -0.37 | 0.04* |