Fig. 5
Amplification time optimization for the HCV-RT-LAMP-AuNPs-LFB assay. Four RT-LAMP reaction times, including 10 min (A), 20 min (B), 30 min (C), and 40 min (D), were evaluated at optimal reaction conditions. Tube/biosensor 1–6 represent HCV plasmid concentrations of 2.0 × 103 copies, 2.0 × 102 copies, 2.0 × 101 copies, 2.0 × 100 copies, and 1 copy per test and distilled water (DW), respectively. The results were analyzed simultaneously using visual reagent L-HNB and AuNPs-LFB. The signal of the LoD appeared with a 30 min reaction time through AuNPs-LFB. CL, control line; TL, test line