Fig. 3

Correlation between the gut microbiota behavior and pathogenesis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH. (A) Comparison of plasma CD4 T-cell counts between PLWH-CoV patients with mild (n = 7) and moderate/severe (Mo/Se) (n = 5) COVID-19 disease before (Pre) and after (Acute) SARS-CoV-2 infection (B–D) Comparison of age (B), CD4/CD8 ratio (C) and CD4 depletion numbers (D) in patients with PLWH-CoV according to disease severity (mild, n = 7 vs. Mo/Se, n = 5). E Diversity analysis in PLWH-CoV patients classified by disease severity. Observed OTUs (top) and Shannon index (bottom). <d8, mild (n = 7), Mo/Se (n = 3), d8-14, mild (n = 6), Mo/Se (n = 5) (F) Changes in the gut microbiota in PLWH-CoV (d8-14) were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size, compared by disease severity (mild, n = 6 vs. Mo/Se, n = 5). G and H Longitudinal changing of gut microbiota for main genus of gut microbiota (G) and Longitudinal plots of Observed OTUs (blue) and Shannon index (red) (H) in Co-161 and Co-358 who had PACS symptoms. ns not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, c: class, o: order, f: family, g: genus