Fig. 4

Co-occurrence networks of gut bacteria communities: Gut bacterial network diagrams are shown for four groups of frogs: FH (a), FNH (b), MH (c), MNH (d). Networks are based on pairwise Spearman’s correlations between abundant taxa (relative abundances of ASV > 0.01%). Each indicated connection has a correlation coefficient > |0.9| and a P-value < 0.01. Node size is proportional to relative abundance. The network for frog intestine samples with ASVs coloured by modularity