Fig. 1

Effect of different CO₂ concentrations on gas transfer rates of P. vulgatus shake flask cultivations. Online data of (a) carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR) and (b) total gas transfer rate (TGTR). Shadows indicate standard deviations of four biological replicates. Measurement of CO₂ was not possible above 5.0 vol% CO₂ in the ingas, due to limited sensor range. Different successively conducted experimental runs are indicated by different symbols in the legend (*,-,+,~,#). Experimental setup is illustrated in Fig. 5a. Hydrogen transfer rate (HTR) plotted over CTR corresponding to this experiment can be found in Fig. S1. Medium: DMM-G, c_Glucose = 6 g L^− 1, c_buffer = 50 mM MOPS, T = 37 °C, n = 100 rpm, V_L = 50 mL, initial OD_600nm = 0.2, initial pH after inoculation = 6.9–7.15, vvm = 0.2 min^− 1, different gas mixtures of CO₂ in N₂, as indicated in legend