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Table 2 Virulence gene profiles in S. aureus isolates recovered from DFUs and Healthy skin (n = 32)

From: Whole genome sequencing and pan-genome analysis of Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus spp. isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and contralateral healthy skin of Algerian patients

 

ST1-t127 (n = 2) n(%)

ST241-t037 (n = 5) n(%)

ST291-t937 (n = 1) n(%)

ST672-t3841 (n = 3) n(%)

ST80-t044/t1247/t639 (n = 16) n(%)

ST97-t9432 (n = 1) n(%)

STNF-t037 (n = 4) n(%)

Total (n = 32) n(%)

§p-value

Adhesion

clfA

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(100)

4(100)

12(37.5)

< 0.001

clfB

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

0(0)

1(100)

2(50)

13(40.6)

< 0.001

ebp

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

fnbA

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

2(6.3)

< 0.001

fnbB

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(6.3)

0(0)

0(0)

3(9.4)

0.002

map

0(0)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

15(93.8)

1(100)

4(100)

28(87.5)

0.001

capA

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

cap8A

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8B

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8C

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8D

0(0)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8E

0(0)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8F

0(0)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8G

0(0)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8H

0(0)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

16(100)

0(0)

4(100)

28(87.5)

< 0.001

cap8I

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

16(100)

0(0)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8J

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

16(100)

0(0)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8K

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

16(100)

0(0)

4(100)

30(93.8)

< 0.001

cap8L

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8M

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8N

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8O

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

cap8P

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

capN

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

srtB

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

15(93.8)

1(100)

4(100)

31(96.9)

0.984

sdrC

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

1(33.3)

12(75)

1(100)

4(100)

25(78.1)

0.104

sdrD

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

15(93.8)

1(100)

4(100)

30(93.8)

0.014

sdrE

1(50)

3(60)

0(0)

0(0)

15(93.8)

1(100)

3(75)

23(71.9)

0.018

icaA/B/C/D/R

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdB

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdC

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdD

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

15(93.8)

1(100)

4(100)

31(96.9)

0.984

isdE

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdF

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdG

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

isdI

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

harA

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

Toxins

Haemolysins

         

hly/hla

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

hlb

1(50)

0(0)

1(100)

1(33.3)

5(31.3)

1(100)

0(0)

9(28.1)

0.161

hld

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

hlgA/B/C

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

Enterotoxins and Enterotoxin-like

 

sea

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

6(18.8)

< 0.001

seb

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(100)

0(0)

3(9.4)

< 0.001

seh

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

2(6.3)

< 0.001

egc cluster*

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(9.4)

< 0.001

sek

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

11(34.4)

< 0.001

seq

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

11(34.4)

< 0.001

selk

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

11(34.4)

< 0.001

selq

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

11(34.4)

< 0.001

Staphylococcal exotoxin-like

 

set16

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

2(6.3)

0.060

set17

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set18

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set19

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

0(0)

1(100)

0(0)

2(6.3)

0.002

set20

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set21

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(3.1)

0.017

set22

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set23

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set24

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set25

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

set26

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(3.1)

0.017

Other toxins

         

edinB

0(0)

0(0)

1(100)

0(0)

16(100)

0(0)

0(0)

17(53.1)

< 0.001

lukS-PV/lukF-PV

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

16(100)

0(0)

0(0)

16(50)

< 0.001

lukD/E

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

Type VII secretion system

esaA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

esaB

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

esaD

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

esaE

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

esaG

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

1(33.3)

3(18.8)

1(100)

0(0)

6(18.8)

0.214

esaG1

1(50)

5(100)

1(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

11(34.4)

< 0.001

esaG2

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

2(66.7)

13(81.3)

0(0)

0(0)

16(50)

0.007

esaG3

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

2(66.7)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(9.4)

0.006

esaG4

1(50)

5(100)

0(0)

2(66.7)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

12(37.5)

< 0.001

esaG5

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(3.1)

0.017

esaG6

0(0)

0(0)

1(100)

2(66.7)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(9.4)

< 0.001

esaG7

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

2(66.7)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(9.4)

0.006

esaG8

1(50)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(3.1)

0.017

esaG9

1(50)

5(100)

0(0)

2(66.7)

13(81.3)

0(0)

4(100)

25(78.1)

0.091

essA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

essB

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

essC

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

esxA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

esxB

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

esxC

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

esxD

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

Degrading enzyme

Lipases

         

geh

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

lip

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

Proteases

         

sspA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

sspB

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

28(87.5)

< 0.001

sspC

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

splA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

0(0)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

29(90.6)

< 0.001

splB

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

28(87.5)

< 0.001

splE

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

0(0)

0(0)

1(100)

4(100)

13(40.6)

< 0.001

Hyaluronidases

         

hysA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

0(0)

16(100)

0(0)

4(100)

28(87.5)

< 0.001

Coagulases

         

coa

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(9.4)

< 0.001

vWbp

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(100)

11(34.4)

< 0.001

Other enzymes

         

aur

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

Immune evasion

adsA

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

chp

0(0)

5(100)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

5(15.6)

< 0.001

sak

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

14(87.5)

1(100)

4(100)

29(90.6)

0.077

scn

2(100)

5(100)

0(0)

3(100)

14(87.5)

1(100)

4(100)

29(90.6)

0.077

spa

2(100)

0(0)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

0(0)

23(71.9)

< 0.001

sbi

2(100)

5(100)

1(100)

3(100)

16(100)

1(100)

4(100)

32(100)

N

  1. §Chi-squared test was used to calculate p-values for describing the association of each gene and STs, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant
  2. *egc cluster corresponds to seg, sei, sem, sen, seo and seu genes
  3. Values are numbers and percentages in brackets
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