Fig. 4

The transcriptome difference between CAD and control group. A The volcano map of differential genes between CAD patients and controls; Red color indicates the significantly up-regulated genes, blue color indicates the significantly down-regulated genes, and gray indicates non-significant genes. B The pathway enrichment analysis of differential genes by using GSEA. The x axis indicates the normalized enrichment score. Dark blue or dark orange indicates FDR-adjusted P value ≤ 0.05, and light blue or light orange indicates FDR-adjusted P value > 0.05. C The ROC plot showing the performance of the combination of gene and microbial biomarkers based on Random Forest model. The blue line indicates the performance of using gene expression biomarker alone, and the red line indicates the performance of combining gene and microbial biomarker. D Heatmap showing the correlation analysis on differentially abundant gut microbes and differentially expressed genes. * indicates the significant correlation (P < 0.05). Color bar in indicate the correlation coefficient (corr). E Representative example demonstrating the correlation of g__Fusicatenibacter (log-transformed abundance) with the log-transformed expression of seven genes. There were one negatively correlated gene of CD70 and six positively correlated genes (i.e., AFF1, GPR65, MLKL, GBP2, SLK, and ETV6)