Fig. 7

Transcriptional analysis in WT, Δckb1, and Δckb2 strains. Log-phase yeast cells were inoculated into fresh YPD medium either with 0.01% MMS added or left untreated, total RNA was extracted and further sequenced. (A) Volcano plot of RNA seq transcriptome data displaying the gene expression pattern. The values of gene expression in each group were compared with those of WT strain under the same conditions. Significantly differentially expressed genes (FDR, p ≤ 0.05) are highlighted in red (upregulated) or blue (downregulated). (B) Heatmap plot of DEGs (Differential expression genes) displaying the pattern of gene expression. The gene expression value is normalized and converted to Z score. (C) Scatterplot where each gene is represented by a dot and its “no MMS/MMS” log2 ratio for Δckb1 is plotted on the x axis and the ratio for Δckb2 is plotted on the y axis. (D and E) Venn plot comparing the upregulated DEGs (URGs) and downregulated DEGs (DRGs) of Δckb1 and Δckb2 under all culture conditions. The differential genes of each group were compared with WT strain under the same conditions. (F) Gene ontology (GO) terms in the biological processes describing the upregulated and downregulated genes in each condition. The differential genes both in Δckb1 and Δckb2 (compared with WT under the same conditions) were clustered to GO analysis. (G) Heatmap of RNA-seq data for meiotic genes in Δckb1 and Δckb2 strains compared with WT under all culture conditions, including programmed formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), recombination, and DNA repair coordination of the meiotic cell cycle.