Antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella spp. and escherichia coli isolated from fresh nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fish marketed for human consumption

Table 5 Multidrug resistance patterns, virulence genes, and drug resistance-associated genes of MDR S. typhimurium and E. coli isolates

Pathogens	Antibiotic resistant pattern	No. of antibiotics (Classes*)	Virulence genes			Antibiotic resistant associated genes
			invA	hilA	uidA	tetA	tetC	^blaTEM-1	^blaCMY-2	^blaCTX-M	^blaZ	sul2	catI	dfrA7	strA	aadA
S. typhymurium WES-09	CPD, RIF, S, VA	4 (4)	+	+	NT		+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
S. typhymurium MAK-22	AX, NIT, P-G, RIF, VA	5 (5)	+	+	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
S. typhymurium EMB-32	AX, CAZ, C, MRP, VA	5 (5)	+	+	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
E. coli MAK-26	AX, MRP, RIF, VA	4 (4)	NT	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
E. coli LAN-35	AX, MRP, RIF, VA	4 (4)	NT	NT	+		+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+

AX = Ampicillin/Cloxacillin; CPM = Cefepime; CPD = Cefpodoxime; CAZ = Ceftazidime; C = Chloramphenicol; MRP = Meropenem; NIT = Nitrofurantoin; P = Penicillin-G; RIF = Rifampicin; S = Streptomycin; VA = Vancomycin. NT = Not Tested
TetA and tetC = Tetracycline resistant genes, ^blaTEM-1, ^blaCMY-2, ^blaCTX-M, ^blaZ = Beta lactamases-encoding genes, catI = chloramphenicol resistant gene, sul2 = sulphonamide resistant gene, dfrA7 = Trimethoprim resistant gene, strA = streptomycin inactivating gene and aadA = Aminoglycoside resistant genes
+ indicates the presence of the resistance genes following amplification by PCR; − indicates the absence of the target resistance genes following amplification by PCR
*Classes of antibiotics are: Carbapenems (MRP), Cephalosporin (third generation; CAZ), Penicillin (P-G), Beta-lactam (AX), Cephalosporin (third generation; CPD), Phenicol (C), Cephalosporin (fourth generation, CPM), Nitrofurans (NIT), Glycopeptides (VA), Ansamycin (RIF), and Aminoglycosides (S)

ISSN: 1471-2180