Table 5 Antibacterial effect of yarrow and saffron extracts and their nanoemulsions against pathogenic bacteria strains

Gram-positive

IZD (mm)

Staphylococcus aureus

ATCC 13565

11.19 ± 1.05

14.21 ± 1.07

12.66 ± 1.31

18.34 ± 1.21

Bacillus cereus

EMCC1080

10.27 ± 1.31

13.08 ± 1.22

11.74 ± 2.08

19.63 ± 1.05

Listeria monocytogenes

ATCC 19111

10.81 ± 1.56

13.48 ± 1.87

11.64 ± 1.15

19.37 ± 1.08

Enterococcus faecalis

ATCC 33186

11.02 ± 2.05

14.02 ± 2.18

11.87 ± 1.81

19.51 ± 1.37

Gram-negative

IZD (mm)

Escherichia coli

ATCC 51659

7.27 ± 1.05

12.08 ± 1.02

10.05 ± 1.18

17.71 ± 1.27

Klebsiella pneumonia

LMD 7726

5.19 ± 1.27

10.56 ± 1.05

9.94 ± 1.56

17.91 ± 1.07

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

NRRL B-272

5.02 ± 1.02

11.54 ± 1.27

10.82 ± 1.88

16.88 ± 1.02

Salmonella enterica

ATCC 10708

4.91 ± 1.11

11.27 ± 1.34

10.64 ± 2.02

16.94 ± 1.18