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Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the experimental diets (on a dry matter basis)

From: Effects of dietary energy levels on rumen bacterial community composition in Holstein heifers under the same forage to concentrate ratio condition

Items

Treatments

L

M

H

Ingredient

 Chinese wildrye

12.50

12.50

12.50

 Dry alfalfa hay

16.50

16.50

16.50

 Corn silage

21.00

21.00

21.00

 Corn

12.90

18.12

27.85

 Wheat bran

12

10

8.29

 Soybean meal

5

4.44

4

 DDGS a

5

5

4.86

 Cottonseed meal

4.02

3

3

 Rice hull powder

9.08

7.44

0

 Premixb

2.00

2.00

2.00

 Total

100.00

100.00

100.00

Nutrient level

 Dry matter (%)

89.43

89.45

89.64

 Metabolizable energyc(MJ/kg)

9.34

10.08

10.88

 CPd (%)

14.09

14.06

14.12

 NDF d (%)

50.52

48.27

42.74

 ADF d (%)

35.13

33.41

29.19

 Ash (%)

7.61

6.93

5.69

 Calcium (%)

0.97

0.94

0.92

 Phosphorous (%)

0.46

0.46

0.46

  1. aDDGS, distillers dried grains with soluble
  2. bManufactured by the Precision Animal Nutrition Research Centre, Beijing, China. Premix provided the following per kg of concentrate: vitamin A, 30150 IU; vitamin D, 9675 IU; vitamin E, 76.5 mg; Fe, 132 mg; Cu, 26 mg; Mn, 118.30 mg; Zn, 166 mg; Se, 0.07 mg; I, 0.11 mg; Co, 0.03 mg; Ca, 6.76 g; P, 0.68 g
  3. cMetabolizable energy was calculated according to the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (NRC, 2001)
  4. dCP, Crude protein; NDF, Neutral detergent fiber; ADF, Acid detergent fiber