Fig. 2

SYTOX Green uptake by R. solani hyphae. a Confocal laser scanning microscopic images of R. solani hyphae treated with mASAL. R. solani mycelia were incubated in half-strength PDB at 28 °C without mASAL (panel a and f) or in the presence of mASAL at final concentrations of 10 μg/ml (panels b and g), 15 μg/ml (panels c and h), or 20 μg/ml (panels d and i). As a positive control R. solani hyphae treated with 5 μM melittin, another antimicrobial peptide is shown in panels e and j. Panels a, b, c, d and e represent fluorescent images while panels f, g, h, i and j represent merged images with DIC (differential interference contrast). Microscopy of SYTOX Green uptake on mASAL treatment was done in three independent sets and the representative image is presented. Scale bars represent 50 μm. b Quantification of SYTOX Green uptake by mASAL treated cells. Fungal mycelia were treated with increasing concentrations of mASAL (0, 10, 15, 20 μg/ml) for 24 h prior to incubation with SYTOX Green. Permeabilization was quantified by SYTOX Green uptake. Each value represents the average of three independent experiments with standard deviations as error bars (*, P < 0.05)