Figure 5

Co-infection affects the frequency of CD4 ⁺ and Treg lymphocyte populations and alters ex vivo TH1/TH2 cell populations. (A) Percentages of CD4⁺ splenocytes in BCG-only (clear) and co-infected (black) BALB/c mice infected according to experimental design in Figure 1A. Data display median ± min-max, representing 2–3 individual experiments of 20 animals per group. (B) Percentages of IL-4 producing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ splenocytes in BCG-only (clear) and co-infected (black) BALB/c mice infected according to the protocol in Figure 1B. Data display median ± min-max, representing 2–3 individual experiments of 8–10 animals per group. (C-D) Percentages of CD4⁺IL-4⁺, CD8⁺IL-4⁺ and CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ MLN cell populations in T. muris-only (clear) and co-infected (black) BALB/c mice infected according to experimental design in Figure 1B. Data represents experiments with 8–10 animals per group. Percentages of (E) activated T cells (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3^-) and (F) inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) (CD4⁺CD25^-Foxp3⁺) in MLNs of T. muris-only (clear) and co-infected (black) BALB/c mice infected according to experimental design in Figure 1B. Data display median ± min-max, representing 2–3 individual experiments of 8–10 animals per group. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ns = non-significant).