From: Role of biliary stent and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the pancreatic tumor microbiome
Bacterial colonization (n = 13) | No bacterial colonization (n = 14) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex, n (%) | 9 (69) | 9 (64) | 0.785 |
Age (years) | 63.7 ± 9.5 | 64 ± 11.8 | 0.622 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 5.2 | 28.9 ± 3.6 | 0.934 |
Tumor stage, n (%) | |||
IA | 0 | 0 | 0.434 |
IB | 2 (15) | 5 (36) | |
IIA | 2 (15) | 3 (21) | |
IIB | 8 (62) | 6 (43) | |
III | 1 (8) | 0 | |
IV | 0 | 0 | |
Tumor Location, n (%) | |||
Head | 13 (100) | 5 (36) | 0.002 |
Body | 0 | 3 (21) | |
Tail | 0 | 6 (43) | |
Preoperative biliary stent, n (%) | |||
Stent | 12 (92) | 4 (29) | 0.001 |
No Stent | 1 (8) | 10 (71) | |
Stent type, n (%) | |||
Plastic | 6 (46) | 1 (7) | 0.565 |
Metal | 5 (38) | 2 (14) | |
Unknown | 1 (8) | 1 (7) | |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | |||
None | 7 (54) | 10 (71) | 0.303 |
Gemcitabine | 3 (23) | 4 (29) | |
Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel | 2 (15) | 0 | |
Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin | 1 (8) | 0 | |
Operative procedure, n (%) | |||
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) | 13 (100) | 5 (36) | 0.0004 |
Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy | 0 | 9 (64) | |
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, n (%) | |||
Cefazolin | 5 (38) | 7 (50) | 0.123 |
Cefoxitin | 6 (46) | 1 (7) | |
Cefotetan | 1 (8) | 4 (29) | |
Clindamycin | 1 (8) | 0 | |
Levofloxacin | 0 | 1 (7) | |
Unknown | 0 | 1 (7) | |
Infectious postoperative complications, n (%) | |||
None | 8 (62) | 11 (79) | 0.433 |
Superficial SSI | 1 (8) | 2 (14) | |
Deep/organ-space SSI | 2 (15) | 0 | |
Pancreatic anastomotic leak | 3 (23) | 2 (14) | |
Clostridium difficile colitis | 2 (15) | 0 | |
Urinary tract infection | 1 (8) | 1 (7) | |
Parotiditis | 1 (8) | 0 | |
Survival, n (%) | |||
Short-term survival (< 5 years) | 7 (54) | 10 (71) | 0.616 |
Long-term survival (> 5 years) | 3 (23) | 0 | |
Lost to follow up | 3 (23) | 4 (29) |