Ecology impacts the decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in the fecal gut microbiota of urban humans

Thingholm, Louise B.; Bang, Corinna; Rühlemann, Malte C.; Starke, Annika; Sicks, Florian; Kaspari, Verena; Jandowsky, Anabell; Frölich, Kai; Ismer, Gabriele; Bernhard, Andreas; Bombis, Claudia; Struve, Barbara; Rausch, Philipp; Franke, Andre

doi:10.1186/s12866-021-02337-5

BMC Microbiology

Table 1 Summary of animals and samples included in the present study

From: Ecology impacts the decrease of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in the fecal gut microbiota of urban humans

No. of Individuals	No. of Locations	Species	Species (scientific)	Characteristics	Genus	Family	Diet	Order
6	2^a,b	zebu	Bos primigenius f. taurus	Ruminants Social	Bos	Bovidae	Herbivores, feeding on grass, foliage, and plant products	Artiodactyla
7	3^a,b,c	goat	Capra aegagrus f. hircus	Ruminants Social	Capra
10	2^a,b	sheep	Ovis orientalis f. aries	Ruminants Social	Ovis
3	1^b	eland	Taurotragus oryx	NonRuminant Solitary	Taurotragus
2	1^b	camel	Camelus ferus f. bactrianus	Ruminants Social	Camelus	Camelidae
8	1^b	vicuna	Vicugna vicugna f. pacos	NonRuminants Social	Vicugna	Camelidae
2	1^c	elk	Alces alces alces	NonRuminants Solitary	Alces	Cervidae
5	1^c	reindeer	Rangifer tarandus fennicus	Ruminants Social	Rangifer	Cervidae
14	1^a	wild boar	Sus scrofa	NonRuminants Social	Sus	Suidae	Omnivores, eating grass, leaves, roots, insects, worms
23	2^b,d	ring-tailed coati	Nasua nasua	NonRuminants Social	Nasua	Procyonidae	Omnivore	Carnivora
21	2^c,d	racoon	Procyon lotor	NonRuminants Solitary	Procyon	Procyonidae
2	1^c	black bear	Ursus americanus	NonRuminants Solitary	Ursus	Ursidae
4	2^c,d	polar bear	Ursus maritimus	NonRuminants Solitary	Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivore
2	1^b	meerkat	Suricata suricatta	NonRuminants Social	Suricata	Herpestidae	Carnivore
13	1^a	donkey	Equus asinus	Ruminants Social	Equus	Equidae	Herbivores, feed on grasses, leaves, and other plant parts (hindgut fermenters)	Perissodactyla
11	3^a,b,c	horse	Equus ferus caballus	Ruminants Social
4	1^b	zebra	Equus quagga boehmi	NonRuminants Social
2	1^b	tapir	Tapirus terrestris	NonRuminants Solitary	Tapirus	Tapiridae
19	1^d	marmoset	Callithrix jacchu	NonRuminants Social	Callithrix	Callitrichidae	Omnivores, eating insects, fruit, and the sap or gum from trees	Primates
1	1^b	emperor tamarin	Saguinus imperator subgrisescens	NonRuminants Social	Saguinus
3	1^b	white-lipped tamarin	Saguinus labiatus	NonRuminants Social
2	1^c	red-handed tamarin	Saguinus midas	NonRuminants Social
3	1^b	cotton-top tamarin	Saguinus oedipus	NonRuminants Social
5	1^b	squirrel monkey	Saimiri sciureus	NonRuminants Social	Saimiri	Cebidae
2	1^b	Diana monkey	Cercopithecus diana	NonRuminants Social	Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Omnivores, eating mainly fruits, but also flowers, leaves, bulbs and rhizomes, insects, snails, small mammals
1	1^b	black crested mangabey	Lophocebus aterrimus	NonRuminants Social	Lophocebus
6	1^b	celebes crested macaque	Macaca nigra	NonRuminants Social	Macaca
37	3^b,c,d	barbary macaque	Macaca sylvanus	NonRuminants Social	Macaca
2	1^e	drill	Mandrillus leucophaeus	NonRuminants Social	Mandrillus
1	1^f	mandrill	Mandrillus sphinx	NonRuminants Social	Mandrillus
3	1^e	hamadryas baboon	Papio hamadryas	NonRuminants Social	Papio
48	2^{g, b}	human	Homo sapiens	NonRuminants Social	Homo	Hominidae	Omnivores, with fruit as the preferred food among all but some human groups
1	1^h	bonobo	Pan paniscus	NonRuminants Social	Pan
56	2^{b, f}	chimp	Pan troglodytes	NonRuminants Social	Pan
6	1^e	Sumatran orangutan	Pongo abelii	NonRuminants Solitary	Pongo
12	2^{b, f}	white-handed gibbon	Hylobates lar	NonRuminants Social	Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Omnivores, eating mainly fruits, but also flowers, leaves and insects
10	2^{b, c}	ring-tailed lemur	Lemur catta	NonRuminants Social	Lemur	Lemuridae	Omnivores
11	2^{b, c}	red ruffed lemur	Varecia rubra	NonRuminants Social	Varecia	Lemuridae	Herbivorous, eating mainly fruits and leaves

A total of 38 different mammalian species were sampled across seven different locations in Germany. The table summarizes the number of animals per species, the locations where each species was sampled, the phylogeny of the species, their characteristic and dietary behavior
^aArche Warder, ^bGettorf, ^cBerlin, ^dNeumuenster, ^eHagenbeck, ^fSchwaigern, ^gKiel, ^hLeipzig

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ISSN: 1471-2180

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