Insect host | Cereal weevil | Tsetse fly | |
---|---|---|---|
Species | Sitophilus spp. | Glossinidia spp. | |
Applied interest | agronomical pest | Human and livestock disease vector | |
Taxonomy | Coleoptera | Diptera | |
Reproduction | oviparity | adenotrophic viviparity | |
Location of larval development | cereal grain | maternal uterus | |
Diet | cereal grains | vertebrate blood | |
Symbionts | Sodalis pierantonius, Wolbachia | Wigglesworthia glossinida, Wolbachia, Sodalis glossinidus, gut microbiota, Spiroplasma, Trypanosoma | |
Nutritional endosymbiosis requirement | obligatory in the field | obligatory | |
Endosymbionts | Sodalis pierantonius | Wigglesworthia glossinida | Sodalis glossinidus |
Phylogeny | Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae | Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae | Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae |
Association age | 0.03 Myr | 50–80 Myr | recent |
Metabolic contribution | amino acids - especially Tyr and Phe, vitamins | vitamins | ? |
Biological Impact | thinner cuticle, decreased fertility, increased developmental rate, loss of flight ability | total loss of fertility | increased longevity, decreased resistance to trypanosomes |
Requirement for the host | obligatory in the field | obligatory | facultative |
Cultivable | no | no | yes |
Genetically manipulable | no | no | yes |
Tissue localization | Gut- and ovaries- associated bacteriomes, oocytes | bacteriome and female milk gland | broad tropism except bacteriome |
Cellular localization | intracellular (stochastic exception at pupal stage) | mainly intracellular; extracellular in female milk gland | intracellular and extracellular |
Transmission | Ovaries (intracellularly) | milk gland (extracellularly) | milk gland and male spermatophore (extracellularly) |
Genome size | 4.5Â Mb | 700Â KB | 4.2Â Mb |
PG/LPS synthesis pathway | conserved | conserved | conserved (with modification) |
Secretion and infection system conservation | type III secretion system | flagellum | type III secretion system |