Table 1 Biofilm and other virulence determinants of yeast isolated from Gallus gallus domesticus droppings
Virulence determinants | Yeast isolates | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans (n = 7 c + 3 d ) | C. catenulate (n = 3 c + 5 d ) | C. tropicalis (n = 3 c + 3 d ) | C. famata (n = 12 c + 17 d ) | C. ciferrii (n = 8 c + 4 d ) | C. pintolopesii (n = 0 c + 2 d ) | C. parapsilosis (n = 0 c + 1 d ) | C. krusei (n = 3 c + 0 d ) | C. macerans (n = 1c + 2 d) | G. candidum (n = 0 c + 4 d ) | Trichosporon spp. (n = 5 c + 4 d ) | R. minuta (n = 1 c + 0 d ) | ||
Colony count (CFU/g) | Min = 2 × 106 Max = 7 × 106 M = 5 × 106 | Min = 2.7 × 106 Max = 1.2 × 107 M = 6.6 × 106 | Min = 3 × 106 Max = 2.3 × 107 M = 1.1 × 107 | Min = 1.1× ×106 Max = 1.2 × 107 M = 5 × 106 | Min = 3 × 106 Max = 1.9 × 107 M = 9 × 106 | Min = 3 × 106 Max = 1.6 × 107 M = 9.5 × 106 | Load = 1.1 × 107 | Min = 1.1 × 106 Max = 5 × 106 M = 3 × 106 | Min = 3 × 106 Max = 1.6 × 107 M = 8.3 × 106 | Min = 2 × 106 Max = 4 × 106 M = 3.3 × 106 | Min = 4 × 105 Max = 5 × 106 M = 3.3 × 106 | Load = 2 × 106 | |
Biofilm Positive | 5 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | |
Biofilm Negative | 5 | 4 | 5 | 19 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | |
DNAse Positive | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
DNAse Negative | 9 | 5 | 6 | 25 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1 | |
Hemolysin Positive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Hemolysin Negative | 10 | 8 | 6 | 29 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 1 | |
Esterase | Pz valuea | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Very strong | ≤0.69 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
 Strong | 0.70–0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Mild | 10–19.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 Weak | 0.90–0.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Negative | >/= 1.0 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 24 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 0 |
Aspartyl proteinase | Pz valuea | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Very strong | ≤0.69 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Strong | 0.70–0.79 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 Mild | 0.80–0.90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Weak | 0.90–0.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Negative | >/= 1.0 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 18 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 0 |
Phospholipase | Pz valuea | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Very strong | ≤0.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Strong | 0.70–0.79 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Mild | 10–19.9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Weak | 0.90–0.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Negative | >/= 1.0 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 29 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 1 |
CSH | % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Very strong | >30 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 0 |
 Strong | 20–29.9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Mild | 10–19.9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Weak | 0.1–9.99 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
 Negative | < 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SOD | H2O2 mMol | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Very strong | 50 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
 Strong | 40 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Strong | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Mild | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 Mild | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Weak | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
 Negative | No growth | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |