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Fig. 1 | BMC Microbiology

Fig. 1

From: Auxotrophic Actinobacillus pleurpneumoniae grows in multispecies biofilms without the need for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplementation

Fig. 1

Multi-species biofilms formation by A. pleuropneumoniae with other swine pathogens. A. pleuropneumoniae, S. suis, B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida, S. aureus and E. coli. The biofilms grown as (a) single, (b) dual or (c) triple-species biofilms in BHI media with or without NAD, they were stained with crystal violet staining. The colony forming units (CFU) of A. pleuropneumoniae and the other bacteria were enumerated from multi-species biofilms grown in BHI media with or without NAD grown as (d) single, (e) two or (f) three-species biofilms. App: A. pleuropneumoniae; Ss: S. suis; Bb: B. bronchiseptica; Pm: P. multocida; Sa: S. aureus; Ec: E. coli

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