Fig. 5
From: Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation via TGF-β signaling
Effects of TGF-β on L. acidophilus regulated SMAD3/4 and NF-κB transcriptional activity. Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid for a SMAD3/4 or b NF-κB overnight and then treated with L. acidophilus (L. acidophilus:S. typhimurium = 2:1) or L. acidophilus mixed with anti-TGF-β antibody (1 μg/ml) 1 h prior to infection with S. typhimurium. The cells were recovered and added DMEM medium containing D-luciferin at 6 h post-infection to read the signal with a Luminometer. The results are normalized with the cells harboring luciferase constitutively expressed vector (CMV) and are shown as the means ± SEM from three independent experiments