Fig. 3
From: Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation via TGF-β signaling
Effects of L. acidophilus and S. typhimurium on TGF-β and MIR21 expression. Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were treated with 1 % inulin or L. acidophilus (L. acidophilus : S. typhimurium = 2:1) or synbiotics 1 h prior to infection with S. typhimurium in DMEM without antibiotic for 1 h. The cells were harvested at 6 h post-infection for protein extraction. a The cells were lysed to extract the proteins and assess TGF-β expression by immunoblotting. b The treated cells were harvested at 6 h post-infection for total RNA isolation. The isolated RNA was further used to determine the expression of MIR21 by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results are from three independent experiments, and the data are shown as the means ± SEM. NS: not significant