Fig. 2
From: Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation via TGF-β signaling
Effects of L. acidophilus and S. typhimurium on IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA expression. Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were treated with 1 % inulin or L. acidophilus (L. acidophilus:S. typhimurium = 2:1) or synbiotics (L. acidophilus and 1 % inulin) 1 h prior to infection with S. typhimurium in DMEM without antibiotic for 1 h. The cells were harvested at 6 h post-infection for mRNA isolation. The isolated mRNA was further used to determine the expression of (a) IL-8 and (b) TNF-α by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The data are shown as the means ± SEM from three independent experiments